Russian American Physician Writer Follows His Passions to Bring A Little Bit of Russia to America
Original article written and photo captions in English by Lynn F. Casella, 1995
Russian American Harvard trained physician, Vladimir Lange, follows his passions….to experience creativity and find satisfaction.
Passion shows many faces. It dares fate. It pushes back the unknown. It tests a person’s stamina, quick thinking and ingenuity. It defies those who say the possible is impossible.
Today, these passions push his creativity and give him satisfaction. He is a national award-winning non-fiction and fiction writer and international health care video producer.
Dr. Lange achieved his teenage dream to be a physician because his grandfather and grandmother, Rudolph and Maria Lange, dared fate. They made split second decisions in the face of threatening political realities after
the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. These decisions began the momentum that brought the Lange family, plus prinesti kusochek Rossii v Ameriku (a little bit of Russia, to America).
In his office at Lange Productions adjacent to his residence that hangs high on a hillside above Hollywood and Los Angeles, Dr. Lange remembers the dangerous and demeaning conditions his grandparents faced. As Lange grew up, he heard about these family experiences from his parents, Anatol and Vera, and his grandparents. Knowing this shaped his personality. He became nervy and inventive, and, also, a convinced and practiced risk taker.
As he begins in easy conversation, one notices a paper model of a (over) fictitious brain scan machine..the MEG poised on an adjacent desktop, its wide arms with round end pods encircling space like a scorpion with its pinchers raised about to attack. The MEG plays a pivotal role in his soon-to-be published novel (March 2005) that returns him to his roots, Russia. “Fatal Memories” is set in medieval and modern Russia and current day Boston. The author lavishly intersperses his native Russian language with English to weave a tale of a scientific invention used to diffuse a political situation creating suspense, international intrigue and a love story spanning 600 years.
His dark expressive eyes belie his physical strength and dexterous hands, which adds drama to his descriptive, yet explosive voice as he speaks with an occasional clipped accent.
He begins to tell the story of his parents and grandparents to explain how they and he overcame great obstacles to eventually come to America. It is here where he fulfilled his dream to become a physician, and, an international health care video producer. It is here where he now fulfills his passion to write about Russia.
“My grandmother (Maria Maychmaz) lived in southern Russia in a small village. They didn’t even speak Russian. She is a descendant of Greeks and Tatars and we jokingly say that she is a descendant of Genghis Khan and his pillaging hordes. She was the daughter of a landowner who owned sheep and a large chunk of land. She learned Russian only when she went to the local school in her village. She met my grandfather (Rudolph). He was born in Russia, and grew up as a Russian kid. They were married in early 1919,” began Dr. Lange.
After becoming a Russian White Army officer in 1915, Rudolph Lange fought the Germans until 1917 in WWI. Later on, he enlisted in the White Army to fight the Bolshevik Red Army. After the collapse of the White Army in November 1920, the White Army evacuated to Constantinople (nowadays Istanbul).
In 1922, as a part of the evacuated forces, Rudolph went to Prague,
Czechoslovakia, where he attended the Polytechnic Institute and graduated as a surveyor. After five years, his wife and son Anatol joined him there.
Today, Anatol Lange, 85, and his wife Vera, 83, live in Palmdale, Calif., but spend summers at their cottage in Maine. Anatol remembers well what his mother told him.
“At the time of the White Army evacuation, my mother was afraid to take me on such a long and unpredictable journey (to Constantinople) so she stayed in Russia,” said Anatol.
The Revolution succeeded.
“Everyone knows how the Revolution went. The White Russians lost and those remaining Russian forces escaped from Southern Russia through Turkey to scatter to various countries. Everyone who evacuated hoped to get back to Russia and most Russian immigrants lived out of their suitcases awaiting their return,” said Dr. Lange.
According to Orlando Figes in his widely acclaimed 2002 masterpiece “Natasha’s Dance, A Cultural History of Russia,” “ Émigré communities were compact colonies held together by their cultural heritage. The first generation of Russian exiles after 1917 was basically united by hope and conviction that the Soviet Union would not last and they would eventually return to Russia.”
Unfortunately, that was not to happen.
Years went by. Anatol met and married Dr. Lange’s Russian mother, Vera, in Prague.
“They married during World War II. Actually the wedding reception was in the living room, hanging over a destroyed lower part of the house because of the American bombing in Prague where they were trying to oust the Germans. The Germans had occupied Czechoslovakia since 1938,” recalled Dr. Lange.
His mother, Vera, remembers the conditions at that time. “It took us a week to clean up the apartment. We were being fed in the streets. During the occupation, food was scarce and was rationed. We had two pounds of meat and bones for a month and one pat of butter a week. Milk was blue water and we were starving. Our wedding was coming soon,” she said.
A month after the wedding they began another leg of their trek. It is similar to one described by Russia’s foremost poet, Alexander Pushkin, in his poem “With Freedom’s Seed (1823).” He explains the difference between those who seek freedom, like the Langes, and those who never take time to find it: ⎯
“with freedom’s seed the desert sowing,
. .from pure and guiltless fingers throwing⎯
Where slavish plows had left a scar⎯
The fecund seed (of freedom). . .”
Pushkin, Russia’s Shakespeare, also explains the pitfalls of not heeding freedom’s call:
“Graze if you will, you peaceful nations,
who never rouse at honor’s horn!
Should flocks heed freedom’s invocation?
Their part is to be slain or shorn,
their dower the yoke their sires have worn,
through snug and sheep-like generations.”
Dr. Lange explained his grandfather’s “precarious position.” The Soviet Army, despite the difficulties of life in the Soviet Union, were fighting the Germans forcefully. At the same time, the Soviet citizens desired to be freed of the oppressive Communist regime, which was interpreted as high treason. Anatol and Vera decided not to wait and left Prague joining Rudolph and Maria Lange in the western part of Czechoslovakia, where they were assured that American forces would occupy.
“After a couple of weeks, they were surprised by a Soviet attachment that rolled into town. My grandfather spat at fate’s door, went home, grabbed his wife, son, daughter-in-law, and, with a former Russian baroness and her large dog, hopped into a makeshift ambulance with two suitcases. Several other refugees rode along with them in a horse and carriage,” said Dr. Lange.
Heading out of town to the border of Czechoslovakia and American occupied Germany, they encountered Communist forces making camp on the side of the road. The ambulance broke down several times, but people along the way helped them get it moving again.
“We made some very unreasonable decisions…we could have taken some things we could have exchanged on our route…instead we took a box of Vaseline. We got stuck in a ravine and could hear the Soviet soldiers drinking and singing the whole night. Dying from the fear we would be caught, we put the box of Vaseline under the wheel to help get the ambulance out of the rut. This did not help. Finally, the engine started, and, because the soldiers were passed out, we passed through the village. The fear we had I will never forget. Thousands and thousands of people were fleeing and the road was strewn with cut up Czech currency. It took us six weeks to get to Bavaria,” said Vera.
Arriving at the border, they sneaked under the barriers to American occupied territory. They lived in Displaced People Camps.
“Eventually, Dad got a job in Regensburg, Germany. I was born there in 1946 and we lived there for another two years,” said Dr. Lange.
Grateful for work, Anatol disassembled airplanes left in the forest recovering metal tubes, which he converted into children’s doll carriages. He also distilled vodka using the tubes.
This escape is echoed in Pushkin’s poem “The Coach of Life,”
“. . .the coach rolls at an easy pace;
and Time, the coachman, grizzly pated,
But smart, alert⎯is in his place.
We board it lightly in the morning and on our way at once proceed.
Repose and slothful comfort scorning,
We shout: ‘Hey there! Get on! Full speed!’
Noon finds us done with reckless daring,
And shaken go. Now Care’s the rule,
Downhill, through gulleys roughly faring,
We sulk and cry: ‘Hey, easy, fool!’”
Motivated to get out of Europe because of the growth of Communism and not being able to go to America, the family, including young Vladimir, left for Brazil. But, it was not easy to get the visa even though friends in Brazil sent an affidavit of sponsorship to the Langes. The Brazilian consulate rejected their request. The Langes were advised to buy their way out. Rudolph borrowed $80
which still had needle marks from being sewn in an article of clothing for hiding. He went to the consulate again and offered the money. After it was examined, Rudolph received the visa.
After arriving at the Isle of Flowers, Brazil’s Ellis Island, young Vladimir survived an almost fatal bout with internal chicken pox in a Brazilian hospital. His mother stayed with him for three weeks until he was well. His mother and grandmother found jobs threading beads, a demeaning job that they did to survive. Eventually his grandfather and grandmother dabbled in bookbinding and other ventures. Anatol was hired as an engineer, which was his training, with a big Canadian Brazilian hydroelectric company. Dr. Lange’s brother, George, was born there.
Besides overcoming these obstacles, they also made sure young Vladimir did not forget his Russian roots.
“When he was three, he could recite by heart a short verse from Pushkin’s “Ruslan and Ludmila,” said Anatol. As he grew older, young Vladimir mastered some of his own challenges and developed a new interest—exploring American literature. He learned his second language, Portuguese, and maintained his Russian education because of his father’s insistence. He became fascinated with American literature by reading Russian translations of Mark Twain’s “Tom Sawyer” and James Fennimore Cooper’s “The Last of the Mohicans.” This interest in American fiction trained his mind in the elements of fiction that would later feed his passion to write it himself.
“At home, my father made a point that I learned Russian history and geography, Russian writing and grammar…So I was really brought up in Russian literature, fairy tales and songs…I spent summers with my babushka on her pension without cars, running water and electricity. I rode horseback by day and read Russian translations of popular American writers by candlelight at night,” said Dr. Lange. “…you can’t connect it to my present writing career because I had no writing career. I was just a kid looking for a good story…I think more influence came from Russian songs and culture⎯endless Russian tales from Pushkin…as well as standard teenage stuff ⎯ ”The Three Musketeers” and “Count of Monte Cristo.”
The Langes did not escape the plight of the Russian exile.
“They saw it as their task to preserve the old traditions of the Russian way of life⎯to educate their children in Russian language schools, to keep alive the liturgy of the Russian church, and to uphold the values and achievement of Russian culture in the nineteenth century⎯so that they could restore all these institutions when they returned home. They saw themselves as the guardians for the true Russian way of life which was undermined by the Soviet regime.”
“We never gave up the desire to come to America which was the Holy Grail of most immigrants. We were on a long waiting list, “ explained Dr. Lange.
In 1960, an American offered Anatol Lange a job as an engineer on a dam building project in Iran. After arriving in Iran, it became evident that young Vladimir’s schooling came to a standstill because he was the oldest in the class
and not being challenged. So, his parents sent him to a Russian French school in Paris run by Russian Jesuits. He learned his third language, French, plus French history and geography.
After one year in Paris, young Lange went back to Iran and passed eleventh and twelfth grade by correspondence course from the University of Nebraska Extension so that when he arrived in America, he could apply for college, even though he did not know that equivalency diplomas were not considered a “real diploma in the U.S.”
An Italian doctor in Iran became a mentor of young Vladimir, encouraging him to dissect a frog and a mouse. He was so taken with the experience of picking apart and discovering the muscles, ligaments, eyes and internal parts of the animals’ bodies, that he decided to pursue a career in cardiac surgery.
Imagine being a 17-year old Russian teenager in America, who was fluent in three languages, but not English.
The impetus that would propel Dr. Lange to further satisfy his creative bent began with this next, but not final leg of the odyssey. He pursued a pre-med course and medical school career on the East coast as well as his interest in flying. He became a pilot and would later be certified with the prestigiousAirline Transport Rating.
“I think the difficult thing was adjusting to American arts, the songs, that did not speak to me; and, the literature. One of the texts we had to go through was “The Odyssey,” hard enough for native Americans,” he said. “I remember trying to learn to spell English⎯it was hard to learn by rote memorization. . .I tried to memorize the words for those dictated spelling tests.”
After three years of unrelenting studies during a time of political upheaval with the protests over Viet Nam that were foreign to him, he graduated from New York University (NYU). That did not dissuade him from getting involved in extracurricular activities that included reviving the defunct pre-medical Caducean Society. As president, he arranged for speakers who drew crowds of over 500 students to hear about the controversial topic of abortion. He achieved a distinction not earned by many graduates. He overcame the odds. But, besides that, he learned English and maintained high achievement and entered a prestigious medical school.
“I was the first NYU graduate in the preceding five years to be accepted to Harvard Medical School in 1967,” said Dr. Lange.
Being on a Harvard scholarship and earning money by doing more than 1,000 autopsies at Beth Israel Hospital and selling his own blood platelets, not only helped fill his pockets, but also consummated the experience he had when he was younger and he dissected a frog. He knew the human body inside and out just as he did the frog’s body those many years ago, which is so necessary if one is to become a surgeon. Even Michelangelo knew the value of that for his passion, art.
Dr. Lange met and married his wife Mandy, a medical student at Tufts, who is a pediatrician.
After graduation, he served a surgical residency for two years at Los Angeles Harbor General Hospital and then moved on to finally settle at Antelope Valley Hospital (AVH), Lancaster, Calif. starting in 1977. He spent 15 years in emergency medicine there.
AVH grew from a 60-bed hospital in 1973 to a 370-bed facility today. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) selected this hospital for its third and fourth year residents to serve in community emergency medicine partly because most of the emergency room (ER) docs serve as volunteer faculty at UCLA Medical School.
Today, hospital administrator, John Lynn, M.D., a graduate of Brown University, Providence, R.I. and University of Rochester Medical School, New York, was an emergency room (ER) physician when he originally interviewed Dr. Lange for an opening in his group of ER physicians.
“He is one of the smartest people I have ever known…smarter than all three of us (ER docs) put together, In terms of …pure talent…unusual…a man of vast variety. He could have done anything in life. He decided to be a doctor. Some people are suited for one thing. He has shown he has raw talent and he has developed talent in a variety of ways⎯understanding literature, practicing photography, producing patient information publications, to name a few talents,” said Dr. Lynn.
According to Dr. Lynn, a good ER doc must have a high emotional quotient (EQ), plus a high intelligence quotient (IQ), as well as high physical energy. He must be facile with his hands and quick to react.
“I remember when six people were brought in from a serious car accident. All were dying. Dr. Lange was by himself, but had them taken care of in 10 minutes. He had to start an IV, but first had to do the ‘cut downs’ because he couldn’t start an IV in the regular manner. (A cut down is where one takes a knife over the vein and threads a needle through it to start an IV.),” said Dr. Lynn.
At the time Dr. Lange was working the ER, doctors had to do 24-hour shifts and then had two to three days off. Nowadays, according to Dr. Lynn, ER physicians serve 12-hour shifts with a day or two off. “
He liked its pace,” said Dr. Lynn. “He exercised to help him keep with the pace. He did mountaineering on the local peaks with his brother and son Chad, a former Cornell student and now a medical student at University of Colorado Medical School. Eventually he climbed Lenin Peak. He is a Renaissance man⎯interested in culture as well, especially opera. He became interested in health education publications when he did a brochure in 1982 for our new emergency room. He had his young daughter pose as a patient in a photograph.”
In a true emergency situation, sometimes a physician must rely on himself…with no lab, no X-ray, no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and no diagnostic equipment. Such was the case when he saved the life of a Russian climber in cooperation with a Russian doctor in July 1984. Dr. Lynn explained that a Russian climber had an accident at camp two located at 18,000 feet into a climb on Lenin Peak (23,405 ft.) bordering Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, the highest point in the Trans-Altai range and only exceeded by Mt. Communism and Pobeda Peak in the USSR. A Russian climber fell into a crevasse and broke his rib puncturing his lung. With his ear, Dr. Lange (who was also on the climb) diagnosed the other climber’s problem by listening to his chest. He had tension pneumothorax, tension collapsed lung. In order for the climber to survive before help arrived, the tension had to be released so that the lung would just be collapsed, but not under tension. To do that, Dr. Lange took a penknife, cut a hole in the chest, put a drinking straw into the chest, but he couldn’t just leave the incision open to the atmosphere. He put the straw into a cup of water below the gravity of the lung so the lung could expand. The climber survived and was taken away by helicopter.
“It was reported in every Russian, Bulgarian and Uzbekistani newspaper. It showed how a Russian and American doctor worked together,” recounts Dr. Lange.
Dr. Lynn attributes this life saving experience to Dr. Lange’s nerve.
“No MRIs please…no scans….no nothing…common sense. He had the nerve to do it. Great nerve…he is nervy and that is an example. Putting a penknife into someone’s chest because you think they have a pneumothorax. Most people would have let him die. Nobody would have known and it turned out he saved the guy’s life. If it hadn’t been for him, no other doctor up there would have done it. That is the kind of thing Vladimir would have the nerve to do,” said Dr. Lynn.
After 15 years of emergency room medicine, Dr. Lange chose to start Lange Productions in 1986. With his love of audiovisual and print communications, and his medical background, his company provides the largest series of patient and provider education dealing with breast cancer and breast health. His publications educate millions of patients and physicians worldwide.
“I think after 15 years of it (emergency medicine), he is the kind of guy who did that. Now he wanted to do more and not spend 40 years at it. Honestly, I don’t think he is going to spend 30 years doing what he is doing now. My guess is he has another career or two after what he doing now before he quits,” said Dr. Lynn.
One division of his company produces and distributes patient-education videos, CD-ROMs and books. One of the most successful projects is a multi-award-winning CD-ROM/video, book trilogy “Be A Survivor: Your Guide to Breast Cancer Treatment.” It is now in its twelfth printing. Given the impetus that his wife contracted breast cancer at a young age and now is a survivor is partly due to the aggressive approach Dr. Lange has taken with patient education. He helped provide support for her and other women in the same situation. The guide provides medical explanation of the options in combating this devastating disease.
“The value of healthcare non-fiction books and videos is that doctors can’t spend the time to help with patient education. That is why patients like to go to nurse practitioners. If you have a smart guy who knows what is important to patients, like Vladimir, he can put in information that is helpful to patients to make them aware of what they can do for themselves. I mean people need to get away from the idea that a pill is going to cure. You have to do more than take a pill to reduce your cholesterol. You have to reduce your weight, and more,” said Dr. Lynn.
The other division of Lange Productions produces custom medical multimedia. Lange Productions’ client list spans the alphabet: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Kodak, Merck and Siemens, to name a few. One of the latest programs is a video/brochure package, “Diagnosis of Osteoporosis,” created for Merck International.
With over 100 awards to his name, his two most recent Telly Awards are for “New Beginnings:Taking Baby Home” and “Baby Boomer Be Healthy: Gynecological Cancers.” These awards recognize video productions from agencies companies, TV stations, cable operators and corporate video departments worldwide that inspire and support creativity. His productions have won many Cinema in Industry (CINDY) Awards, Videographer Awards (which raise the standards of the industry and give clients recognition), as well as Celebrating Excellence in Film and Video (CINE). Among great talents whose first major awards included the CINE Golden Eagle are Steven Spielberg and George Lucas.
His passion to write continued to consume him and was the challenge he needed to return to his roots, Russian culture, history, setting and language.
Pushkin writes about this in his poem “Abandoning An Alien Country” when the poet said,
“Abandoning an alien country, you sought your distant native land . . .”
Dr. Lange’s first 418-page novel, “Fatal Memories,” to be published in spring 2005, returns him to what he knows best, Russia.
It shows what happens when science and medicine collide with business and politics, creating a devastating scientific nightmare culminating in a vicious fifteenth century passionate love triangle. The love triangle’s outcome could shift the balance of power in the newly democratic Russia⎯ hurling it back to its frighteningly totalitarian past.
“Everybody writes about things they know and things that are important to them. I know Russian history, Russian culture and Russian environment. I wanted to write about something that I know about and I think the hallmark of a good story is taking the reader somewhere where they cannot go routinely. It is far more interesting to me and hopefully to the reader to write about a country that is perceived as being mysterious and exotic…today, to say nothing of four or five centuries ago. I take my reader to Russia present and medieval rather than try to set it in America, which in ways is more foreign to me than Russia is,” said Dr. Lange.
At the center of the novel is the MEG⎯an experimental high-tech device⎯was designed to treat the mentally ill. Now it threatens to destroy the brilliant career and life’s work of its creator, Dr. Anne Powell, if it doesn’t kill her first. Capable to do in seconds what psychotherapy can only hope to accomplish in years, the new MEG is poised to change the course of psychiatric treatment forever. A glitch in the clinical trials in Boston forces Dr. Powell to continue her work at the world-renowned Pavlov Institute in Moscow, where a laboratory accident unleashes a 600 year old chain of events that may return a blood-thirsty psychopathic dictator to power, and cost the life of Anne’s present-day lover and her own sanity. Dr. Powell must confront past and present, reality and memory, love and hate in the ultimate battle of her life.
Just as his main character faced her demons, Dr. Lange faced a nagging thought he had always had when he personally faced death. Dealing with this idea was the catalyst that resulted in these characters and story in his new book “Fatal Memories.”
“I think in my ER career, many people come to the emergency room and die in front of me…and you can’t help thinking, but what happens now? You
know…does the brain rot and do they leave nothing behind them? Not being a believer in the concept of soul or reincarnation, I always wondered what is left from this person? And, then it occurred to me that maybe there is something that person passed on in his or her genes to the offspring…certainly the looks and body styles and maybe some thoughts, or emotions or experiences that that person had during his lifetime that did make an imprint in the genetic DNA material…got passed on to future generations…and if that is the case how would it all play out…would the offspring just be like the parents or would they be something modified? And, I found that out to be a fascinating question for the book,” said Dr. Lange.
While the MEG is a fictional machine conceived by Dr. Lange up to 10 years before MEG existed in the real medical world, he imagined this technology to be a gadget that would have to do with MRI and would have to do with PET scan, so magneto encephalograph.
“I actually have this stuff in my basement dated 1993-94 when I wrote the screenplay. And the MEG would be built very similar to the CR (computerized radiography) used for imaging hearts which would go around the patients…so then by having two arms, it would be more visually interesting,” explained Dr. Lange.
In today’s medical world, a variety of scan machines exist that are being used to detect how the brain and body works.
Dr. Irving Biederman, Ph.D., director, Image Understanding Laboratory at the University of Southern California, explained the current scan machines and their uses.
“While the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) shows the structure of the brain, the tissue and diseased areas, it is non- invasive. The fMRI shows activity in this tissue…the firing of the neurons. Because the firing of the neurons demands a great deal of oxygenated blood, it makes it easy to localize within one meter where in the brain that firing occurred. For example, if a subject looks at faces vs. objects, the fMRI can see where in the brain each stimulus is localized. The CT (computerized tomography) and the PET (positron emission tomography) are different as well. The CT-CAT scan is invasive and shows structure, but does not have good resolution. Lastly, the PET requires an injection of radioactive isotopes in the body and the images shown indicate both structure and function. It is better than MRI because it can show more details,” said Dr. Biederman.
The MRI is used for diagnosis of lesions or tumors on the brain, but the fMRI is not done for diagnosis, but rather for examining biological conditions while thinking…detecting the location of increased activity that may lead to identifying those areas of the brain causing psychological
disorders (say depression or schizophrenia), like those mentioned in Dr. Lange’s techno-thriller, or biological conditions. The treatment opportunities for MRI include surgically removing tumors, but with the fMRI, there is no treatment method as yet, but scientists are looking at it.
Drawing on his medical knowledge and Russian culture, Dr. Lange crafted a story that wends its way with seamless flashbacks and flash forwards to follow Dr. Anne Powell as she uses the MEG to try to prevent the return of a blood-thirsty psychopathic dictator to power in Russia.
So, what comes first, one’s passions or the challenges one faces to pursue them?
Maybe the answer lies in Dr. Lange’s response to why he continues to run marathons, now totaling 20.
“It’s mind over matter,” he said.
The passions of not only Vladimir Lange, M.D., but also his parents and grandparents made it possible to overcome insurmountable obstacles at great personal costs to come from Russia to America. Now this physician writer brings prinesti kusochek Rossii v Ameriku (a little bit of Russia to America).
###
~ Figes, Orlando, “Natasha’s Dance, A Cultural History of Russia,” Picador, A Metropolitan Book, Henry Holt and Company, New York, New York, 2002, p. 577.
~ Yarmolinsky, Avrahm, Editor, “The Poems, Prose and Plays of Alexander Pushkin,” The Modern Library, Random House, Inc., New York, New York, 1936, p. 59.
~ Yarmolinsky, Avrahm, Editor, “The Poems, Prose and Plays of Alexander Pushkin,” p. 59.
~ Yamolinsky, Avrahm, Editor, “The Poems, Prose and Plays of Alexander Pushkin,” p. 58.
~ Figes, Orlando, “Natasha’s Dance, A Cultural History of Russia,” p. 538.
Click on photo to see slide show and captions.
Horizon (Gorizont, Russian Language Lifestyle Newspaper, Denver, Co)
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